A 22-week randomized trial across 15 preschools improved inhibitory control and expressive vocabulary. Then the mediation analysis found that how much the children actually moved explained none of it.
A UK study of 50 families finds that consistent bedtime routines are linked to stronger executive function and school readiness in 3-to-5-year-olds — but a tight parent-child connection raises a chicken-and-egg question the researchers honestly confront.
Not all play is equal. A randomized experiment with 110 preschoolers found that only fantastical pretend-play—dragons, trips to the moon—improved executive function, while ordinary play did not.
A 21-year longitudinal study of 430 children found that attention and persistence measured at age 4 predicted college graduation at age 25 — while reading and math scores at ages 7 and 21 did not.
A comprehensive review in Science identified seven approaches that strengthen executive function in children aged 4–12 — and one principle that ties them together: narrow training rarely works.
A Stanford study analyzed parent-child interactions second by second and found that intervening while a child is already engaged undermines their ability to regulate emotions and behavior.
Children whose emotion understanding improved in preschool scored higher on reading in elementary school a year later — a stronger predictor than vocabulary. A longitudinal study of 356 low-income children reveals the hidden link between social skills and academics.